• 通識01__過去與現在

    • 業餘無線電簡介

      • 翻開介紹業餘無線電的書籍都會寫到，「業餘無線電」是一群愛好者，不具有商業營利性質，它主要是以服務大眾、技術訓練、實驗與互相通訊為主，業餘無線電人員通常都彼此互相呼叫通訊，以達到休閒娛樂的效果，但是在萬一有緊急事件或是災難發生時，他們就會即時義務提供訊息給所需要的人或單位，BV7BN，因而在法規對於人員的解釋也是採用相似的用語，

      • 許多人都會問業餘無線電是做什麼？曾經時空歷史背景下，除了少數特定人士外，玩無線電曾經是個敏感的話題，由自製CB單頻機至廠製23/40波段對請機，再到VHF/UHF波段小手機以來，非法時代的無線電大多就集中在這些頻道，就像網路世界線上遊戲一樣，既有技術交流與純聊天，也有音樂與天天對罵，也有司機通報與工作調度，熱鬧非凡，既然是非法，佔地為王與挑戰趕人的戲碼經常上演，各式台號暗語，在警備總部時代風險之餘，倒是有一番樂趣存在，可參考BV2WA/李嘉煜「業餘無線電十年史話」，曾經有許多同好的努力奔走，今日才能有正式檯面的操作模式．

      • 業餘無線電因為HAM而另稱為火腿，不具執照的另稱為香腸

      • 至於業餘無線電的歷史另參考

      • 為什麼要業餘無線電？不論是操作或是玩，原始的出發點，可能是因為有趣又神秘，

    • 業餘無線電能做什麼

      • Whether you would like to chat with your friends on the way to work or school, check into a net to discuss topics of a mutual interest, or volunteer for emergency services, amateur radio is first and foremost about communication. With hams that means two way communication by radio. Radios can be hand-held transceivers similar to a walkie talkie, a mobile unit for use in a car or other vehicle, or a base station with an outdoor antenna used for local or distance communication. Regardless of the type of equipment radio amateurs have a wide range of activities they can pursue. Some of these are:

      • 閒聊Talking with friends within the local community using a hand-held transceiver (HT) on VHF (2 meters) or UHF (70 cm.). You can extend your HT range up to 50 miles or more by transmitting through a local repeater.
        遠距通聯DXing. DX means distance communication and with the right equipment worldwide communication on the HF bands (10 through 160 meters) is a regular possibility. See the section Amateur Radio Bands for a more complete description of the band plans.

      • 緊急通聯Assisting with emergency and disaster communication. Organizations in the amateur community such as the Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES) and the National Traffic System (NTS) prepare amateurs with the training needed to assist in emergency situations.

      • 技術試驗Technical experimenting. Hams come from all walks of life ranging from technicians to engineers, teachers to scientists, and students to retirees. For many of them the attraction to the hobby is to build their own equipment whether it is just a simple antenna, something as complex as a transmitter, or an interface between their radio and a computer.

      • 通信比賽Contesting. Contesting is often called the "sport" of ham radio. Almost every weekend there is some form of amateur radio contest. Hams get on the air and compete to see who can make the most contacts in a limited period of time.

      • 太空通信Talk to an astronaut. Yes, it is really possible. Space stations do have ham radio equipment and licensed ham astronauts take the time to make contacts with amateurs on earth. Hams also have satellites where you can bounce a signal to communicate with other hams on earth.

      • 數據通信Use digital communication. Connect a computer to your radio and install some software and you can be communicating digitally over the air. Some of these digital modes can be more effective in marginal transmission conditions and some even sport error free transmission.

      • 網際網路通聯Internet communication. Using some of the latest technologies hams can supplement a modest station with Internet connections. Using features such as URL or IRLP on a local repeater a ham in Toronto can talk to one in Vancouver or even Australia using a simple hand-held transceiver.

      • To get involved with any of these activities requires an amateur radio license and maybe a little help from a neighborly ham. The section How to Become a Radio Amateur explains what you need to get started.

    • 取得執照

      • 　

      • 由無線電愛好者成為業餘無線電人員需要取得發射電波資格，唯一方式是通過電信總局辦理的資格考試，目前這項考試服務已採用電腦考照，電信總局有印行考照題庫服務，網站也可下載題庫與相關報名程序，通過考試取得人員資格後，再依行動台與固定台不同種類，辦理架設電台後續作業。

      • 學科測試由以往的筆試作業，改成電腦考試，依照規定時間，答對題目，即可取得，由於四等業餘無線電人員也算是政府舉辦技能考試，吸引職業學校學生集體報考，通過考試的人數眾多，2004年4/30目前已達到69423人，而四等電台數量卻是30220台，人員執照與設台數有一大段距離．

      • 術科測試於2004年依世界各國潮流，降低電碼門檻

      • 業餘美其名應是自由自在，不管稱為國家或實體，世界各政府對於業餘無線電還是透過國家體系介入控制，參考法令規章

    • 業餘守則

      • Paul M. Segal, W9EEA在1928年寫下「The Amateur's Code」， BV2FA/唐希上翻譯中文，

        • 體諒：絕不故意在空中妨礙他人樂趣。

        • 忠誠：對同好、當地俱樂部及代表業餘無線電的團體輸誠,給予鼓勵與支持。

        • 進步：將電台保持科學化,整齊有效，操作實務無可非議。

        • 友善：:與初學者交手時，發報應緩慢有耐心，予以和善指導及協助，發揚業餘精神。

        • 平衡：無線電為一嗜好，絕不因之妨害對家庭、職業、學校和當地社團所應盡的義務。

        • 愛國：所具的學識和擁有的電台隨時準備為國家和社會服務。

      • W9EEA的原文如下:

        • ONE:
          The Amateur is considerate...He never knowingly uses the air in such a way as to lessen the pleasure of others.

        • TWO:
          The Amateur is Loyal...He offers his loyalty, encouragement and support to his fellow radio amateurs, his local club and to the American Radio Relay League, through which amateur radio is represented.

        • THREE:
          The Amateur is Progressive...He keeps his station abreast of science. It is well built and efficient. His operating practice is above reproach.

        • FOUR:
          The Amateur is Friendly...Slow and patient sending when requested, friendly advice and counsel to the beginner, kindly assistance, cooperation and consideration for the interests of others; these are the marks of the amateur spirit.

        • FIVE:
          The Amateur is Balanced...Radio is his hobby. He never allows it to interfere with any of the duties he owes to his home, his job, his school, or his community.

        • SIX:
          The Amateur is Patriotic...His knowledge and his station are always ready for the service of his country and his community.

      • L. David Shallenberger, C.E.T. -- K6VHP曾在www.eham.net上提出The Amateur' Code-2000年版，他認為自豪、正直、傳統不再是重要的因素。

        • ONE:
          The Amateur is Gentlemanly...Never knowingly "keys up" in such a way as to impose on the pleasure of others...this part of the code does not apply to operations on 75, 40 or 20-meter phone bands.

        • TWO:
          The Amateur is Loyal...To Kenwood, until he buys an Icom, to Icom, until he buys a Yeasu, and so on. Goes to all club activities where they serve free food -- has no appreciation for Hiram Percy Maxim's contributions to amateur radio.

        • 具有品牌忠誠度，參與供應免費餐飲的團體活動

        • THREE:
          The Amateur is Progressive...Sets up his station just like the picture in the ad in the magazine. Has absolutely no idea how it's built, nor can he calculate how efficient it is. Has the telephone number for Factory Service Center taped to the front panel. Knows how to pronounce some technical words. Cannot, however, recite their true meaning.

        • FOUR:
          The Amateur is Friendly...Promotes operating practices he discovered while driving a dump truck and modulating on Channel 19. Provides counsel and advice to his fellow operators based upon whatever he overheard from others modulating on Channel 19. Prefers to concoct colorful metaphors for use in the place of socially accepted words when speaking into a microphone. Ends all spoken statements with the words "okay?" or "you know."

        • 　

        • FIVE:
          The Amateur is Balanced...His wife and kids need shoes; his rent is past due; often arrives late to work, due to QSOing while mobile; and, probably has not registered to vote. But, he's got a $2,800.00 HF SSB transceiver in his ham shack, a "dual band" FM rig is his 4X4 pick-up truck, and a 2-meter HT on his belt. Spends several hours each day playing at ham radio.

        • SIX:
          The Amateur is Patriotic...Has no respect for authority (FCC) nor the traditions and disciplines that formed the foundation upon which amateur radio was built.

    　

    The text of "The Amateur's Code – 2000" came about as a result of statements made and the general attitudes conveyed by amateur radio operators using the HF phone bands witnessed by the author during the past couple of years. It is, furthermore, dedicated to Dick Bash and others who subsequently supported the reduction of the standards for admission to Amateur Radio and those who believe in citizen's rights without the burden of personal responsibility to properly exercise those rights.

    Mr. Paul M. Segal, W9EEA, penned the original "Amateur's Code" in 1926. What inspired him to put on paper the words he used, in the spirit in which he used them?? The answer, in a word, is "Pride." He was proud of amateur radio and he was proud to be a part of it. He drew his inspiration from his fellow amateurs, the majority of whom were excited by the technology that enabled electronic communication between individuals of common interest.

    The science of radio was the root motivator that gave amateur radio the level of integrity it had earned in the eyes of our armed forces and industry. Public service was the focal point for us in the eyes of the general public. The amateur radio operator was a person so dedicated to the science of radio, his relentless quest for knowledge and the practical application of his learnings were the sole purpose for enjoining the activity.

    So, seventy-four years have elapsed since Mr. Segal drafted the original "Amateur's Code." Seventy-four years during which many technological advances have evolved that he would have considered only fantasy in 1926 . . . . but how much progress has the amateur operator himself realized in that period of time? How many of us still regard the science of radio the prime motivation for being involved in amateur radio? How many of us build equipment, experiment with various technologies or develop new and exciting ways of pushing the envelope of achievement? How many of us are compelled to learn how a transmitter and a receiver function? Why do manufacturers try to tell us their multi-band quarter wave HF trap vertical is a perfect match to 50 ohm coax?? Why are new rigs always accompanied by a microphone and not a telegraph key??

    Read the "Amateur's Code – 2000" and you'll find the answers to these and possibly other perplexing questions you might have. . . . . .